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NEW QUESTION # 51
The set of propoerties of the work enviroment, perceived directly or indirectly by employess to have a major effect on employee behavior, is termed:
- A. Climate
- B. Culture
- C. Organisational structure
- D. Enviroment
Answer: A
Explanation:
The climate of a work environment refers to the set of properties perceived by employees that have a significant impact on their behavior. These properties include organizational policies, practices, and procedures, which collectively shape the overall work atmosphere and influence employee morale, motivation, and productivity. Reference: Schneider, B. (1990). Organizational Climate and Culture.
Jossey-Bass.
NEW QUESTION # 52
New products include:
I. New to the world products or breakthroughs, e.g. personal computer
II. New category entries or platforms, e.g. Intel 386
III. Additions to product lines or enhancements, e.g. Pentium 500mhz
- A. I, II, and III
- B. I and II
- C. I and III
- D. II and III
Answer: A
Explanation:
New products can be classified into several categories:
I. New to the world products or breakthroughs: Innovations that create entirely new markets, such as the personal computer.
II. New category entries or platforms: Products that introduce a company into a new category or market segment, such as Intel's 386 processors.
III. Additions to product lines or enhancements: Incremental improvements or extensions of existing products, such as the Pentium 500MHz processor.
All three categories represent different types of new product development. References: Kotler, P., & Keller,
K. L. (2016). Marketing Management. Pearson; Crawford, C. M., & Di Benedetto, C. A. (2011). New Products Management. McGraw-Hill Education.
NEW QUESTION # 53
Which type of team has the following characteristic: Each functional organization designates a liaison person to "represent" it on a project coordination committee?
- A. Functional
- B. Heavyweight
- C. Lightweight
- D. Tiger
Answer: C
Explanation:
In the context of team structures for new product development, the characteristic described in the question fits a Lightweight team. Here are the key features of different team types and how they relate to the given characteristic:
A. Functional: Teams are organized strictly by functional areas, with limited coordination across functions.
B. Lightweight: In this structure, each functional organization designates a liaison person to "represent" it on a project coordination committee. This setup facilitates communication and coordination between different functional areas without removing team members from their primary functional roles.
C. Tiger: This involves forming a dedicated, cross-functional team taken out of their functional areas to work full-time on the project, providing high focus and autonomy.
D. Heavyweight: A stronger matrix where the project manager has significant authority, but team members are still functionally aligned and involved.
Thus, the correct answer is B: Lightweight.
References:
Clark, K. B., & Wheelwright, S. C. (1992). Organizing and Leading "Heavyweight" Development Teams. California Management Review.
Wheelwright, S. C., & Clark, K. B. (1992). Revolutionizing Product Development: Quantum Leaps in Speed, Efficiency, and Quality. Free Press.
NEW QUESTION # 54
Marketing develops insights that go beyond product specifications on their own.
- A. False
- B. True
Answer: B
Explanation:
Marketing plays a crucial role in new product development by providing insights that extend beyond mere product specifications. This involves understanding customer needs, preferences, and behaviors, which helps in shaping the overall product strategy and ensuring that the final product meets market demands. Here's how marketing contributes:
Customer Insights: Marketing gathers and analyzes data on customer preferences, pain points, and buying behaviors. This information is essential for defining product features and positioning the product effectively in the market.
Market Trends: By keeping track of industry trends and competitor activities, marketing can identify opportunities for innovation and areas where the product can differentiate itself.
Value Proposition: Marketing helps to articulate the product's value proposition, ensuring that it resonates with the target audience and addresses their specific needs.
Thus, the correct answer is A: True.
References:
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2015). Marketing Management. Pearson.
Cooper, R. G. (2008). Perspective: The Stage-Gate Idea-to-Launch Process-Update, What's New, and NexGen Systems. Journal of Product Innovation Management.
NEW QUESTION # 55
What type of team structure should be chosen when the challenge is to break entirely from the past, enter a new market, or do something radically different technically or commercially?
- A. Functional
- B. Heavyweight
- C. Lightweight
- D. Tiger
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 56
Product design specifications are primarly intended to:
- A. Translate qualitative design features into quantitative parameteres
- B. Indentify the core benefit of product
- C. List the tangible features of a product
- D. Identify customer needs
Answer: A
Explanation:
Product design specifications (PDS) serve as a critical tool in product development by converting qualitative design concepts into quantitative, measurable parameters. This allows for clear communication, testing, and validation of design requirements. By translating subjective design elements into objective criteria, designers can ensure consistency, performance, and manufacturability of the product. Reference: Ulrich, K.T., & Eppinger, S.D. (2016). Product Design and Development. McGraw-Hill Education.
NEW QUESTION # 57
Company A has recently implemented a range of new product development practices. As s first stage, it has used a range of ideation tools to generate a number of potential new product ideas. It is now seeking to evaluate and prioritize th 150 product ideas for further evalutaion and development. What technique would you recomend for the first stage of evaluating the 150 new product ideas?
- A. Detailed scoring of each idea against strategic criteria
- B. Pass/fail evaluation
- C. Ask boss to do it
- D. Financial analysis
Answer: B
Explanation:
For the initial stage of evaluating 150 new product ideas, a "Pass/fail evaluation" technique is recommended.
This method is efficient for quickly narrowing down a large number of ideas to a manageable few by applying basic criteria to determine whether an idea is worth further consideration. It helps in filtering out non-viable ideas early in the process before investing significant time and resources into detailed analysis.
NEW QUESTION # 58
The strategy defined by Miles and Snow for those companies that rapidly follow Prospector companies is________.
- A. Responder
- B. Reactor
- C. Analyzer
- D. Defender
Answer: C
Explanation:
The strategy defined by Miles and Snow for companies that rapidly follow Prospector companies is
"Analyzer." Miles and Snow's typology includes four strategic types: Prospectors, Defenders, Analyzers, and Reactors. Prospectors are the first movers in the market, constantly seeking new opportunities and innovations. Analyzers, on the other hand, operate in both stable and dynamic environments. They cautiously follow the innovations of Prospectors and then efficiently exploit those innovations. They balance the need for stability (similar to Defenders) with the need to adapt to new market opportunities (similar to Prospectors).
References:
Miles, R. E., & Snow, C. C. (1978). Organizational Strategy, Structure, and Process. Stanford University Press.
NEW QUESTION # 59
What is the pattern in TRIZ problem-solving matrix:
- A. Identify the specific problem first, test a solution with a targeted customer group, generate more prototypes, select speciic solution
- B. Identify a cross-functional team that can test various product solutions with customers and select the highest rated solution
- C. First use a general problem with general solution, then select the specific problem to solve
- D. Indentify the specific problem first, then the general problem and identify a general solution before a specific solution
Answer: D
Explanation:
TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving) is a problem-solving methodology that involves identifying and addressing contradictions in a systematic way. The pattern in TRIZ's problem-solving matrix involves:
Identifying the specific problem: Start with the precise issue at hand.
Generalizing the problem: Abstract the specific problem to a more general level to identify underlying principles.
Finding a general solution: Use TRIZ principles to find general solutions to the generalized problem.
Applying the general solution to the specific problem: Adapt the general solution back to the specific context.
This structured approach helps in systematically addressing and solving inventive problems. Reference:
"TRIZ: The Theory of Inventive Problem Solving" by Genrich Altshuller.
NEW QUESTION # 60
Information gathered by other researchers for other purposes, the fit between research method and research purpose, unknown sample size, varying levels of quality, and dated information are all pitfalls of which type(s) of market research?
- A. All the above
- B. Voice of the customer
- C. Survey research
- D. Secondary market research
Answer: D
Explanation:
Secondary market research involves gathering existing data that has been collected by other researchers for different purposes. The pitfalls of secondary market research include:
Information gathered by other researchers for other purposes: The data might not be specific to your needs.
Fit between research method and research purpose: The methods used might not align with your research goals.
Unknown sample size: The size and demographics of the sample used in the original research might not be clear.
Varying levels of quality: The quality of data can vary widely, affecting reliability.
Dated information: The data might be outdated and not reflective of current market conditions.
These challenges can limit the applicability and usefulness of secondary market research for specific research questions. Reference: "Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation" by Naresh K. Malhotra discusses these pitfalls in detail.
NEW QUESTION # 61
Which of the following are quantitative market research techniques?
- A. All of the above
- B. Secondary research
- C. Surveys
- D. Customer visits
Answer: C
Explanation:
Quantitative market research techniques involve collecting numerical data that can be analyzed statistically.
Surveys are a primary example of this, as they gather structured data from a large number of respondents that can be quantified.
A. Surveys: Surveys are designed to collect quantifiable data about preferences, behaviors, or characteristics of a specific group.
B. Secondary research: This involves analyzing existing data from various sources, which can include both qualitative and quantitative data, but is not a primary quantitative research technique.
C. Customer visits: Typically involve qualitative data collection through interviews and observations rather than structured, quantifiable data.
Thus, the correct answer is Surveys. References: Malhotra, N. K. (2010). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation. Pearson.
NEW QUESTION # 62
In sustainable development to abbreviation D4E stands for...
- A. Design for Evolution
- B. Design for the Environment
- C. Design for Extinction
- D. Development for the Environment
Answer: B
Explanation:
In sustainable development, the abbreviation D4E stands for "Design for the Environment." This concept involves designing products with consideration for their environmental impact throughout their lifecycle, including material selection, manufacturing processes, usage, and disposal. The goal is to minimize negative environmental effects and promote sustainability.
References:
Graedel, T. E., & Allenby, B. R. (2003). Industrial Ecology. Pearson.
Sherwin, C. (2000). Design and Sustainability. Journal of Sustainable Product Design, 1(1), 3-11.
NEW QUESTION # 63
In evaluating product opportnities, which of the folllowing is a non-financial method for evalutaion?
- A. Internal rate of return
- B. Payback period
- C. Level of risk
- D. Net present value
Answer: C
Explanation:
In evaluating product opportunities, "Level of risk" is a non-financial method of evaluation. Non-financial evaluation methods focus on qualitative aspects such as strategic fit, technical feasibility, and risks associated with the product development. While financial methods like Net Present Value (NPV), Payback Period, and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) quantify potential financial returns, the level of risk assesses uncertainties and potential challenges that could impact the success of the product, such as market risks, technical risks, and operational risks.
NEW QUESTION # 64
Which of the following are benefits of having a Business Strategy?
I. Business strategy directs choices about how to deploy resources
II. Business strategy directs how you will copy competitors
III. Business strategy helps a company sidestep competitive convergence IV. Business strategy drives product strategy
- A. II, III, IV
- B. I, II, III, IV
- C. I, II, III
- D. I, III, IV
Answer: D
Explanation:
A well-defined business strategy provides several critical benefits:
I. Business strategy directs choices about how to deploy resources: It helps in making informed decisions on the allocation of resources to various projects and initiatives. III. Business strategy helps a company sidestep competitive convergence: It ensures that the company differentiates itself from competitors and avoids becoming indistinguishable in the market. IV. Business strategy drives product strategy: It provides the overarching direction that guides product development efforts, ensuring that products align with the company's goals and market positioning.
Copying competitors is generally not recommended as a strategic approach, as it can lead to a lack of differentiation and competitive disadvantage.
Thus, the correct answer is B: I, III, IV.
References:
Porter, M. E. (1996). What is Strategy? Harvard Business Review.
Hamel, G., & Prahalad, C. K. (1994). Competing for the Future. Harvard Business Review Press.
NEW QUESTION # 65
"Top-down" and "bottom-up" are ways to think about:
- A. Connecting customers with the orgasation
- B. Forecasting
- C. Leadership
- D. Linking strategy and the product portfolio
Answer: D
Explanation:
"Top-down" and "bottom-up" are ways to think about linking strategy and the product portfolio. In a top-down approach, strategic decisions are made at the highest level and then cascaded down to influence the product portfolio and project selection. In contrast, a bottom-up approach involves gathering input from lower levels of the organization, including insights from product teams and market feedback, to inform strategic decisions. Both approaches are used to ensure alignment between the company's overall strategy and its product development efforts, fostering coherence and strategic alignment (Ansoff, 1987; Mintzberg,
1994).
NEW QUESTION # 66
Strategic platform and/or driving decisions, usually under the control of the new product marketing manager, include which of the following?
- A. Determining whether to outsource manufacturing
- B. Determining what issues to track in a launch management system
- C. Determining how to position the product versus the competition
- D. Determining what customer acceptance measures to use to define success
Answer: C
Explanation:
Strategic platform and driving decisions, typically under the control of the new product marketing manager, focus on market-facing aspects of the product. One of the key responsibilities is determining how to position the product versus the competition. This involves identifying unique selling propositions, understanding competitive strengths and weaknesses, and crafting a positioning statement that highlights the product's value to customers in a way that differentiates it from alternatives. This strategic decision is critical to the product's market success and aligns with the marketing manager's role. References: Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016).
Marketing Management. Pearson.
NEW QUESTION # 67
Which of the following is not a deliverable to be completed during the Concept Generation phase?
- A. Product Concept Statement
- B. Problem-based Ideation
- C. Inside Sources
- D. Outside Sources
Answer: C
Explanation:
During the Concept Generation phase of product development, deliverables typically include a Product Concept Statement, which outlines the vision and scope of the new product; Problem-based Ideation, which involves brainstorming solutions to identified problems; and Outside Sources, which involve gathering ideas and input from external stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, and market research. "Inside Sources" does not specifically represent a deliverable but rather a general term for internal idea generation which would be part of the ideation process rather than a specific deliverable. References: Ulrich, K. T., & Eppinger, S. D. (2015). Product Design and Development (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
NEW QUESTION # 68
What quantitative market research tool should be used to identify a gap in the products offered to a market?
Choose the best answer.
- A. Lead users
- B. Secondary research
- C. Any appropriate multivariate technique
- D. On-line forums
Answer: C
Explanation:
To identify a gap in the products offered to a market, the best quantitative market research tool to use is any appropriate multivariate technique. Multivariate techniques, such as cluster analysis, factor analysis, and multidimensional scaling, are used to analyze data that involves multiple variables. These techniques can help identify distinct segments within the market and highlight gaps in the current product offerings by revealing unmet needs or preferences within those segments.
References:
Malhotra, N. K. (2010). Marketing Research: An Applied Orientation. Pearson.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2006). Multivariate Data Analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall.
NEW QUESTION # 69
What types of consumer is most likely to purchase a product in ist introduction stage?
- A. Early adopters
- B. Innovators
- C. Laggards
- D. Early majority
Answer: B
Explanation:
In the introduction stage of a product life cycle, the most likely consumers to purchase the product are
"Innovators." Innovators are the first individuals to adopt a new product. They are characterized by their willingness to take risks, their higher social status, financial liquidity, and close contact to scientific sources and interaction with other innovators. These consumers are often seen as trendsetters and are crucial for the initial traction of the product. They provide essential feedback and help in the diffusion of the product to the next category of adopters, which are the Early Adopters. References: Rogers, E. M. (2003). Diffusion of Innovations (5th ed.). Free Press.
NEW QUESTION # 70
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The Product Development and Management Association (PDMA) NPDP (Product Development Professional) Certification is a professional certification for individuals who are involved in product development and management. Product Development Professional (NPDP) Certification Exam certification is designed to recognize individuals who have demonstrated a high level of knowledge and expertise in product development and management. The PDMA NPDP Certification Exam is a comprehensive exam that tests candidates on their knowledge and understanding of product development and management concepts.
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